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authorThe Android Open Source Project <initial-contribution@android.com>2008-12-17 18:05:43 -0800
committerThe Android Open Source Project <initial-contribution@android.com>2008-12-17 18:05:43 -0800
commitf013e1afd1e68af5e3b868c26a653bbfb39538f8 (patch)
tree7ad6c8fd9c7b55f4b4017171dec1cb760bbd26bf /core/java/android/os/AsyncTask.java
parente70cfafe580c6f2994c4827cd8a534aabf3eb05c (diff)
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+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.os;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * <p>AsyncTask enables proper and easy use of the UI thread. This class allows to
+ * perform background operations and publish results on the UI thread without
+ * having to manipulate threads and/or handlers.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>An asynchronous task is defined by a computation that runs on a background thread and
+ * whose result is published on the UI thread. An asynchronous task is defined by 3 generic
+ * types, called <code>Params</code>, <code>Progress</code> and <code>Result</code>,
+ * and 4 steps, called <code>begin</code>, <code>doInBackground</code>,
+ * <code>processProgress<code> and <code>end</code>.</p>
+ *
+ * <h2>Usage</h2>
+ * <p>AsyncTask must be subclassed to be used. The subclass will override at least
+ * one method ({@link #doInBackground}), and most often will override a
+ * second one ({@link #onPostExecute}.)</p>
+ *
+ * <p>Here is an example of subclassing:</p>
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ * private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask&lt;URL, Integer, Long&gt; {
+ * protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
+ * int count = urls.length;
+ * long totalSize = 0;
+ * for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+ * totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
+ * publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
+ * }
+ * return totalSize;
+ * }
+ *
+ * protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
+ * setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
+ * }
+ *
+ * protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
+ * showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
+ * }
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p>Once created, a task is executed very simply:</p>
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ * new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1, url2, url3);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <h2>AsyncTask's generic types</h2>
+ * <p>The three types used by an asynchronous task are the following:</p>
+ * <ol>
+ * <li><code>Params</code>, the type of the parameters sent to the task upon
+ * execution.</li>
+ * <li><code>Progress</code>, the type of the progress units published during
+ * the background computation.</li>
+ * <li><code>Result</code>, the type of the result of the background
+ * computation.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ * <p>Not all types are always used by am asynchronous task. To mark a type as unused,
+ * simply use the type {@link Void}:</p>
+ * <pre>
+ * private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void) { ... }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <h2>The 4 steps</h2>
+ * <p>When an asynchronous task is executed, the task goes through 4 steps:</p>
+ * <ol>
+ * <li>{@link #onPreExecute()}, invoked on the UI thread immediately after the task
+ * is executed. This step is normally used to setup the task, for instance by
+ * showing a progress bar in the user interface.</li>
+ * <li>{@link #doInBackground}, invoked on the background thread
+ * immediately after {@link #onPreExecute()} finishes executing. This step is used
+ * to perform background computation that can take a long time. The parameters
+ * of the asynchronous task are passed to this step. The result of the computation must
+ * be returned by this step and will be passed back to the last step. This step
+ * can also use {@link #publishProgress} to publish one or more units
+ * of progress. These values are published on the UI thread, in the
+ * {@link #onProgressUpdate} step.</li>
+ * <li>{@link #onProgressUpdate}, invoked on the UI thread after a
+ * call to {@link #publishProgress}. The timing of the execution is
+ * undefined. This method is used to display any form of progress in the user
+ * interface while the background computation is still executing. For instance,
+ * it can be used to animate a progress bar or show logs in a text field.</li>
+ * <li>{@link #onPostExecute}, invoked on the UI thread after the background
+ * computation finishes. The result of the background computation is passed to
+ * this step as a parameter.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <h2>Threading rules</h2>
+ * <p>There are a few threading rules that must be followed for this class to
+ * work properly:</p>
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>The task instance must be created on the UI thread.</li>
+ * <li>{@link #execute} must be invoked on the UI thread.</li>
+ * <li>Do not call {@link #onPreExecute()}, {@link #onPostExecute},
+ * {@link #doInBackground}, {@link #onProgressUpdate} manually.</li>
+ * <li>The task can be executed only once (an exception will be thrown if
+ * a second execution is attempted.)</li>
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
+ private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";
+
+ private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 1;
+ private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 10;
+ private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 10;
+
+ private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sWorkQueue =
+ new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE);
+
+ private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
+ private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
+
+ public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
+ return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
+ }
+ };
+
+ private static final ThreadPoolExecutor sExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,
+ MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
+
+ private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
+ private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
+ private static final int MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL = 0x3;
+
+ private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler();
+
+ private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
+ private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
+
+ private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
+
+ /**
+ * Indicates the current status of the task. Each status will be set only once
+ * during the lifetime of a task.
+ */
+ public enum Status {
+ /**
+ * Indicates that the task has not been executed yet.
+ */
+ PENDING,
+ /**
+ * Indicates that the task is running.
+ */
+ RUNNING,
+ /**
+ * Indicates that {@link AsyncTask#onPostExecute} has finished.
+ */
+ FINISHED,
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
+ */
+ public AsyncTask() {
+ mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
+ public Result call() throws Exception {
+ Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
+ return doInBackground(mParams);
+ }
+ };
+
+ mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
+ @Override
+ protected void done() {
+ Message message;
+ Result result = null;
+
+ try {
+ result = get();
+ } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+ android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
+ } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
+ e.getCause());
+ } catch (CancellationException e) {
+ message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL,
+ new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null));
+ message.sendToTarget();
+ return;
+ } catch (Throwable t) {
+ throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "
+ + "doInBackground()", t);
+ }
+
+ message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
+ new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result));
+ message.sendToTarget();
+ }
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns the current status of this task.
+ *
+ * @return The current status.
+ */
+ public final Status getStatus() {
+ return mStatus;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The
+ * specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute}
+ * by the caller of this task.
+ *
+ * This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates
+ * on the UI thread.
+ *
+ * @param params The parameters of the task.
+ *
+ * @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
+ *
+ * @see #onPreExecute()
+ * @see #onPostExecute
+ * @see #publishProgress
+ */
+ protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
+
+ /**
+ * Runs on the UI thread before {@link #doInBackground}.
+ *
+ * @see #onPostExecute
+ * @see #doInBackground
+ */
+ protected void onPreExecute() {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Runs on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground}. The
+ * specified result is the value returned by {@link #doInBackground}
+ * or null if the task was cancelled or an exception occured.
+ *
+ * @param result The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
+ *
+ * @see #onPreExecute
+ * @see #doInBackground
+ */
+ @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
+ protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
+ * The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}.
+ *
+ * @param values The values indicating progress.
+ *
+ * @see #publishProgress
+ * @see #doInBackground
+ */
+ @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
+ protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Runs on the UI thread after {@link #cancel(boolean)} is invoked.
+ *
+ * @see #cancel(boolean)
+ * @see #isCancelled()
+ */
+ protected void onCancelled() {
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this task was cancelled before it completed
+ * normally.
+ *
+ * @return <tt>true</tt> if task was cancelled before it completed
+ *
+ * @see #cancel(boolean)
+ */
+ public final boolean isCancelled() {
+ return mFuture.isCancelled();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will
+ * fail if the task has already completed, already been cancelled,
+ * or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
+ * and this task has not started when <tt>cancel</tt> is called,
+ * this task should never run. If the task has already started,
+ * then the <tt>mayInterruptIfRunning</tt> parameter determines
+ * whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
+ * an attempt to stop the task.
+ *
+ * @param mayInterruptIfRunning <tt>true</tt> if the thread executing this
+ * task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed
+ * to complete.
+ *
+ * @return <tt>false</tt> if the task could not be cancelled,
+ * typically because it has already completed normally;
+ * <tt>true</tt> otherwise
+ *
+ * @see #isCancelled()
+ * @see #onCancelled()
+ */
+ public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
+ return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
+ * retrieves its result.
+ *
+ * @return The computed result.
+ *
+ * @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
+ * @throws ExecutionException If the computation threw an exception.
+ * @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted
+ * while waiting.
+ */
+ public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+ return mFuture.get();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
+ * to complete, and then retrieves its result.
+ *
+ * @param timeout Time to wait before cancelling the operation.
+ * @param unit The time unit for the timeout.
+ *
+ * @return The computed result.
+ *
+ * @throws CancellationException If the computation was cancelled.
+ * @throws ExecutionException If the computation threw an exception.
+ * @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted
+ * while waiting.
+ * @throws TimeoutException If the wait timed out.
+ */
+ public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
+ ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
+ return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Executes the task with the specified parameters. The task returns
+ * itself (this) so that the caller can keep a reference to it.
+ *
+ * This method must be invoked on the UI thread.
+ *
+ * @param params The parameters of the task.
+ *
+ * @return This instance of AsyncTask.
+ *
+ * @throws IllegalStateException If {@link #getStatus()} returns either
+ * {@link AsyncTask.Status#RUNNING} or {@link AsyncTask.Status#FINISHED}.
+ */
+ public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
+ if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
+ switch (mStatus) {
+ case RUNNING:
+ throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ + " the task is already running.");
+ case FINISHED:
+ throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ + " the task has already been executed "
+ + "(a task can be executed only once)");
+ }
+ }
+
+ mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
+
+ onPreExecute();
+
+ mWorker.mParams = params;
+ sExecutor.execute(mFuture);
+
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method can be invoked from {@link #doInBackground} to
+ * publish updates on the UI thread while the background computation is
+ * still running. Each call to this method will trigger the execution of
+ * {@link #onProgressUpdate} on the UI thread.
+ *
+ * @param values The progress values to update the UI with.
+ *
+ * @see #onProgressUpdate
+ * @see #doInBackground
+ */
+ protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
+ sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
+ new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
+ }
+
+ private void finish(Result result) {
+ onPostExecute(result);
+ mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
+ }
+
+ private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
+ @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
+ @Override
+ public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+ AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
+ switch (msg.what) {
+ case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
+ // There is only one result
+ result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
+ break;
+ case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
+ result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
+ break;
+ case MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL:
+ result.mTask.onCancelled();
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
+ Params[] mParams;
+ }
+
+ @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
+ private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
+ final AsyncTask mTask;
+ final Data[] mData;
+
+ AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
+ mTask = task;
+ mData = data;
+ }
+ }
+}