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+//== SValExplainer.h - Symbolic value explainer -----------------*- C++ -*--==//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// This file defines SValExplainer, a class for pretty-printing a
+// human-readable description of a symbolic value. For example,
+// "reg_$0<x>" is turned into "initial value of variable 'x'".
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CHECKERS_SVALEXPLAINER_H
+#define LLVM_CLANG_STATICANALYZER_CHECKERS_SVALEXPLAINER_H
+
+#include "clang/AST/DeclCXX.h"
+#include "clang/StaticAnalyzer/Core/PathSensitive/SValVisitor.h"
+
+namespace clang {
+
+namespace ento {
+
+class SValExplainer : public FullSValVisitor<SValExplainer, std::string> {
+private:
+ ASTContext &ACtx;
+
+ std::string printStmt(const Stmt *S) {
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ S->printPretty(OS, nullptr, PrintingPolicy(ACtx.getLangOpts()));
+ return OS.str();
+ }
+
+ bool isThisObject(const SymbolicRegion *R) {
+ if (auto S = dyn_cast<SymbolRegionValue>(R->getSymbol()))
+ if (isa<CXXThisRegion>(S->getRegion()))
+ return true;
+ return false;
+ }
+
+public:
+ SValExplainer(ASTContext &Ctx) : ACtx(Ctx) {}
+
+ std::string VisitUnknownVal(UnknownVal V) {
+ return "unknown value";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitUndefinedVal(UndefinedVal V) {
+ return "undefined value";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitLocMemRegionVal(loc::MemRegionVal V) {
+ const MemRegion *R = V.getRegion();
+ // Avoid the weird "pointer to pointee of ...".
+ if (auto SR = dyn_cast<SymbolicRegion>(R)) {
+ // However, "pointer to 'this' object" is fine.
+ if (!isThisObject(SR))
+ return Visit(SR->getSymbol());
+ }
+ return "pointer to " + Visit(R);
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitLocConcreteInt(loc::ConcreteInt V) {
+ llvm::APSInt I = V.getValue();
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ OS << "concrete memory address '" << I << "'";
+ return OS.str();
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitNonLocSymbolVal(nonloc::SymbolVal V) {
+ return Visit(V.getSymbol());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitNonLocConcreteInt(nonloc::ConcreteInt V) {
+ llvm::APSInt I = V.getValue();
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ OS << (I.isSigned() ? "signed " : "unsigned ") << I.getBitWidth()
+ << "-bit integer '" << I << "'";
+ return OS.str();
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitNonLocLazyCompoundVal(nonloc::LazyCompoundVal V) {
+ return "lazily frozen compound value of " + Visit(V.getRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymbolRegionValue(const SymbolRegionValue *S) {
+ const MemRegion *R = S->getRegion();
+ // Special handling for argument values.
+ if (auto V = dyn_cast<VarRegion>(R))
+ if (auto D = dyn_cast<ParmVarDecl>(V->getDecl()))
+ return "argument '" + D->getQualifiedNameAsString() + "'";
+ return "initial value of " + Visit(R);
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymbolConjured(const SymbolConjured *S) {
+ return "symbol of type '" + S->getType().getAsString() +
+ "' conjured at statement '" + printStmt(S->getStmt()) + "'";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymbolDerived(const SymbolDerived *S) {
+ return "value derived from (" + Visit(S->getParentSymbol()) +
+ ") for " + Visit(S->getRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymbolExtent(const SymbolExtent *S) {
+ return "extent of " + Visit(S->getRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymbolMetadata(const SymbolMetadata *S) {
+ return "metadata of type '" + S->getType().getAsString() + "' tied to " +
+ Visit(S->getRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymIntExpr(const SymIntExpr *S) {
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ OS << "(" << Visit(S->getLHS()) << ") "
+ << std::string(BinaryOperator::getOpcodeStr(S->getOpcode())) << " "
+ << S->getRHS();
+ return OS.str();
+ }
+
+ // TODO: IntSymExpr doesn't appear in practice.
+ // Add the relevant code once it does.
+
+ std::string VisitSymSymExpr(const SymSymExpr *S) {
+ return "(" + Visit(S->getLHS()) + ") " +
+ std::string(BinaryOperator::getOpcodeStr(S->getOpcode())) +
+ " (" + Visit(S->getRHS()) + ")";
+ }
+
+ // TODO: SymbolCast doesn't appear in practice.
+ // Add the relevant code once it does.
+
+ std::string VisitSymbolicRegion(const SymbolicRegion *R) {
+ // Explain 'this' object here.
+ // TODO: Explain CXXThisRegion itself, find a way to test it.
+ if (isThisObject(R))
+ return "'this' object";
+ // Objective-C objects are not normal symbolic regions. At least,
+ // they're always on the heap.
+ if (R->getSymbol()->getType()
+ .getCanonicalType()->getAs<ObjCObjectPointerType>())
+ return "object at " + Visit(R->getSymbol());
+ // Other heap-based symbolic regions are also special.
+ if (isa<HeapSpaceRegion>(R->getMemorySpace()))
+ return "heap segment that starts at " + Visit(R->getSymbol());
+ return "pointee of " + Visit(R->getSymbol());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitAllocaRegion(const AllocaRegion *R) {
+ return "region allocated by '" + printStmt(R->getExpr()) + "'";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitCompoundLiteralRegion(const CompoundLiteralRegion *R) {
+ return "compound literal " + printStmt(R->getLiteralExpr());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitStringRegion(const StringRegion *R) {
+ return "string literal " + R->getString();
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitElementRegion(const ElementRegion *R) {
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ OS << "element of type '" << R->getElementType().getAsString()
+ << "' with index ";
+ // For concrete index: omit type of the index integer.
+ if (auto I = R->getIndex().getAs<nonloc::ConcreteInt>())
+ OS << I->getValue();
+ else
+ OS << "'" << Visit(R->getIndex()) << "'";
+ OS << " of " + Visit(R->getSuperRegion());
+ return OS.str();
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitVarRegion(const VarRegion *R) {
+ const VarDecl *VD = R->getDecl();
+ std::string Name = VD->getQualifiedNameAsString();
+ if (isa<ParmVarDecl>(VD))
+ return "parameter '" + Name + "'";
+ else if (VD->hasAttr<BlocksAttr>())
+ return "block variable '" + Name + "'";
+ else if (VD->hasLocalStorage())
+ return "local variable '" + Name + "'";
+ else if (VD->isStaticLocal())
+ return "static local variable '" + Name + "'";
+ else if (VD->hasGlobalStorage())
+ return "global variable '" + Name + "'";
+ else
+ llvm_unreachable("A variable is either local or global");
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitObjCIvarRegion(const ObjCIvarRegion *R) {
+ return "instance variable '" + R->getDecl()->getNameAsString() + "' of " +
+ Visit(R->getSuperRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitFieldRegion(const FieldRegion *R) {
+ return "field '" + R->getDecl()->getNameAsString() + "' of " +
+ Visit(R->getSuperRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitCXXTempObjectRegion(const CXXTempObjectRegion *R) {
+ return "temporary object constructed at statement '" +
+ printStmt(R->getExpr()) + "'";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitCXXBaseObjectRegion(const CXXBaseObjectRegion *R) {
+ return "base object '" + R->getDecl()->getQualifiedNameAsString() +
+ "' inside " + Visit(R->getSuperRegion());
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSVal(SVal V) {
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ OS << V;
+ return "a value unsupported by the explainer: (" +
+ std::string(OS.str()) + ")";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitSymExpr(SymbolRef S) {
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ S->dumpToStream(OS);
+ return "a symbolic expression unsupported by the explainer: (" +
+ std::string(OS.str()) + ")";
+ }
+
+ std::string VisitMemRegion(const MemRegion *R) {
+ std::string Str;
+ llvm::raw_string_ostream OS(Str);
+ OS << R;
+ return "a memory region unsupported by the explainer (" +
+ std::string(OS.str()) + ")";
+ }
+};
+
+} // end namespace ento
+
+} // end namespace clang
+
+#endif